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Telangana HC Dismisses PIL Challenging the Constitutional Validity Of Sections 376, 376A OF Indian Penal Code
Mehal Jain
19 Aug 2020 10:08 AM IST
The Telangana High Court last week has dismisses a PIL challenging the Constitutional validity of certain Sections in the Indian Penal Code.The Prayers in the PIL are the following ;(a) To declare Section 376 and Section 376A of the Indian Penal Code, in so far as it does not award death penalty for the offence of rape on woman under the age of 16 years as being violative of Articles 14 and 21...
The Telangana High Court last week has dismisses a PIL challenging the Constitutional validity of certain Sections in the Indian Penal Code.
The Prayers in the PIL are the following ;
(a) To declare Section 376 and Section 376A of the Indian Penal Code, in so far as it does not award death penalty for the offence of rape on woman under the age of 16 years as being violative of Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India and consequently declare the same as unconstitutional to that extent.
(b) To alternatively declare Section 376 AB as unconstitutional to the extent of it not including woman under the age of 16 years as being violative of Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India and consequently declare the same as unconstitutional.
(c) To alternatively declare that Section 376A of the Indian Penal Code as unconstitutional and violation of Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India and contrary to the intent of the legislature to the extent of the said section not including Sub-Section (3) of Section 376 and consequently declare that Section 376A includes Sub-Section (3) of Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code retrospectively with effect from 21.04.2018 and pass any other appropriate Order/s that this Hon'ble Court deems fit and proper in the circumstances of this case and the interest of the justice.
(d) To direct the respondents to make the necessary amendments to the Indian Penal Code to include women under the age of 16 years in Section 376A and pass any other Order or Orders as this Hon'ble Court deems fit and proper in the circumstances of the case and in the interest of justice.
The Telangana High Court asserted that one who commits rape on a woman under the age of sixteen years, would be charged both for offences under Section 376 IPC and under Section 302 IPC, if the victim dies during the course of rape, or due to rape, holding that the offender can be punished with capital punishment.
"Section 302 IPC itself prescribes the capital punishment as one of the two punishments, which can be imposed upon an accused person. Therefore, the offender, who caused the death of a victim due to rape, can certainly be punished with capital punishment, if found guilty, by the learned Trial Court", observed Chief Justice Raghavendra Singh Chauhan and Justice B. Vijaysen Reddy.
The bench was dealing with a PIL alleging that there is a grave loophole in the law, namely in Section 376, and 376A IPC. For, while dealing with a case of a woman under sixteen years of age, who is a victim of rape, Section 376(3) IPC prescribes a punishment of imprisonment "with a term of not less than twenty years", and "which may extend to life imprisonment", which means imprisonment for the remainder of that person's natural life. However, the said provision does not prescribe the capital punishment as one of the punishments. Moreover, according to Section 376A IPC, if the victim dies, or is reduced to a persistent vegetative state, the said provision does prescribe the capital punishment as one of the punishments, which may be imposed upon the alleged offender, if found guilty by the learned trial Court.
According to the petitioner, Section 376A IPC deals only with the circumstances covered by sub-section (1), and sub-section (2) of Section 376 IPC, but does not deal with the circumstances prescribed in sub- section (3) of Section 376 IPC. Therefore, in case, a victim were under sixteen years, and the victim were to die, or to be in persistent vegetative state, such a case cannot be brought within the ambit of Section 376A IPC. For, 376A IPC does not mention sub-section (3) of Section 376 IPC. Hence, a gaping hole has been left in the law dealing with rape, and dealing with the plight of the victim of such an offence.
"Of course, the learned counsel submits that a woman under the age of sixteen years, who may be subjected to rape, and dies during the course of rape, or due to rape, the offender cannot be punished with capital punishment under the Indian Penal Code. However, the said stand is highly misplaced. For, in such a case, the offender would be charged both for offences under Section 376 IPC, and under Section 302 IPC. Section 302 IPC itself prescribes the capital punishment as one of the two punishments, which can be imposed upon an accused person. Therefore, the offender, who caused the death of a victim due to rape, can certainly be punished with capital punishment, if found guilty, by the learned Trial Court. Therefore, the position being taken by the learned counsel for the petitioner is clearly untenable", said the division bench.
Noting that the PIL has raised an academic issue with regard to the loopholes left in the law and that the PIL is not based on any factual matrix, the bench opined that an academic issue cannot be entertained, and should not be entertained by a Court of law. In case, the petitioner is aggrieved by any lacuna in the law, the bench observed that the petitioner is free to raise the grievance either before the Central Government, or before the Parliament. "But the judicial forum is not a place for raising an academic issue with regard to any alleged weakness in law", said the bench.
Moreover, the bench noted that the petitioner has not submitted any representation to the Central Law Ministry bringing to its notice the alleged weakness in the law.
Lastly, the bench expressed that the enactment of a law is a legislative policy decision, and if the Parliament, in its wisdom, was of the opinion that different sets of provisions need to be enacted for dealing with different sets of circumstances, the Court is not empowered to direct the Parliament to amend the law, for, the legislative policy decision cannot be interfered lightly by the Courts.
[Read Order]
