Bhat J: What is representation? Essentially it is empowerment. Look at 15(3)- for women. Before, the original constitution stopped at just 15(3), when 15(4) was adopted- you needed it by Champakam. The idea in 15(4) and 16 are representational as is 15(3)...

Bhat J: So those who have representation are given it on a permanent basis. Over and above representation. You're ensuring certain minimum representation. Despite the fact that they're already represented.