Ahmadi : The term fraternity has a significant meaning in our Constitution. The word came after French revolution. The term as an animating effect in the Constitutional spectrum. Fraternity is a Preambulatory concept.
Justice Gupta : In Hindi translation, people understand secularism as Dharmnirpeksh, but the text says Panthnirpeksh.
Justice Gupta : Even in the absence of the word secular, the Constitution was secular, we did not become secular by adding the word secular.
Justice Dhulia : Fraternity is about dignity.
Justice Gupta : Dignity is wide, so fraternity is also wide.
Ahmadi : Fraternity is understood as brotherhood, that is to recognize diversity.
Ahmadi : The purpose of introducing fraternity as a constitutional value is to introduce horizontal and social senstivitiy to social inequality.
Ahmadi : Fraternity is a term which has not received judicial interpretation like equality and liberty.
Justice Dhulia : Equality and liberty have defined meanings, fraternity is still....
Ahmadi : In Preamble, Equality and Liberty are qualified. Fraternity is absolute
Court rises for lunch break. Hearing to resume at 2 PM
Ahmadi refers to Dr.Ambedkar's speech on Preamble.
Ahmadi now refers to fundamental duties under Articles 51A(e) and 51A(f) - to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood....to preserve composite culture..
Ahmadi : Now coming to the core of my submission. The Preamble of the Constitution and Article 51A(f).
Reads Preamble
"Fraternity which assures the dignity of individual". Dignity of individual is put before the Unity of nation.
Ahmadi : Which is the test to be applied is a bit of conundrum in the light of the reference, that is why I say it should await the decision on reference.